] but whether RBC from the external environment captures these DNA remains unknown. ] Meanwhile, numerous studies have found the presence of cell‐surface‐bound DNA (csbDNA)on the outer membrane of erythrocytes, [ ] On the other hand, scientists developed multiple platforms to use RBC as drug delivery carriers based on their material exchange ability. ] In addition, RBC was also reported to interact with cancer cells through galectin‐4 and play an essential role in tumor progression and metastasis. For example, RBC regulates the function of body immunity by binding cell‐free mtDNA, and pathogenic DNA through Toll‐like receptors 9 (TLR9)expressed on the RBC surface. Recent studies have revealed that RBC has other functions as the most abundant cell type in the circulatory system. ] In conclusion, whether mature red blood cells contain DNA and what kind of DNA remains unclear. ] Meanwhile, micronucleus DNA was found in mature mammalian erythrocytes, which can be used to evaluate chemicals' clastogenic and aneugenic potential. ![]() The formation of HJBs results from an abnormal process of erythroid development and most HJBs contain DNA of the centromeric region, with only a few HJBs having DNA derived from the euchromatin region. ] have been found to exist in recycled erythrocytes from certain patients with defective spleen function. ] Inclusion bodies with DNA, called Howell–Jolly bodies (HJBs), [ ] Reticulocytes begin to mature in the bone marrow and are subsequently released into the circulation to further mature into erythrocytes by clearing mitochondria and other organelles. During the maturation of mammalian erythrocytes, erythroid precursor cells undergo chromatin condensation and nuclear polarization to one side of the cell, eventually extruding the nucleus out of the cell with the help of mitochondria to produce nucleus‐free reticulocytes. ] and are assumed to be a transportation vehicle for oxygen, carbon dioxide, and metabolic by‐products of cells. Mammalian red blood cells (RBC) are commonly known as cells with no nucleus or mitochondria [ This study highlights a new biological phenomenon involving RBC and its translational potential as a novel liquid biopsy technology platform for early cancer screening and diagnosis of malignancy. Finally, based on a small scale clinical trial, it is confirmed that common genetic mutations of cancer tissues could be detected in RBC from patients with early‐stage non‐small‐cell lung cancer. ![]() Using an in vitro co‐culture system, it is shown that RBC could absorb DNA‐bearing tumorigenic mutations from cancer cell lines but requires cell‐to‐cell contact. ![]() Interestingly, several gaps and multiple regions with copy number variation are observed significantly different between different samples, which could be used to distinguish samples with different health status accurately. To further explore the characteristics of RNA DNA, DNA from 20 RBC samples is sequenced by NGS. Such characteristics demonstrate a significant difference compared with A549 cell line or paired peripheral blood mononuclear cell as nucleated cells. This study confirms that RBC contain long DNA fragments inside with stain by both microscope and flow cytometry, which covers most nuclear and mitochondrial genome regions by next‐generation sequencing (NGS). Red blood cells (RBC) are commonly known as cells with no nucleus or mitochondria and are assumed to be a transportation vehicle.
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